9 November 1989. But Poland was not the only place where epoch-making dramas took place long before the Wall came down, mostly out of sight of the world’s cameras. But some of the same choices face today’s leaders in Beijing as faced the ultimately pragmatic Gorbachev 25 years ago. Want an ad-free experience?Subscribe to Independent Premium. But this is not enough for me. “You grow up with it and then get used to it. At the start of the year, the map of Europe looked much as it had since the aftermath of the Second World War, with the Eastern half of the continent ruled by Communist regimes, In Poland, Solidarity won the general election. But for Aikins and Bui, the mental and physical impact left a mark. This is the reference point for groups like the AfD. My main thing in life was never money.”. “They say that their problems lie with society,” she said. Legal Statement. After reunification, her father – a translator, and her factory worker mother – chose to stay in Germany unemployed, rather than returning to Vietnam with a three-month wage packet. Create a commenting name to join the debate, There are no Independent Premium comments yet - be the first to add your thoughts, There are no comments yet - be the first to add your thoughts. It was a de facto legal opposition in the heart of the Soviet bloc. The Communists were defeated in elections in all six of Yugoslavia’s republics in 1990; by 1991, four of the six had declared independence, leaving only Serbia and Montenegro. Published. Germans still speak of a Mauer in den Köpfen, a wall in people’s minds. There was this feeling of – it is good that this ends,” he told Al Jazeera. Poland thus paved the way. People I knew, including my dad, were chased, “For me, the internalised racism has been problematic,” said. Start your Independent Premium subscription today. All of this has been rich material for two Americans, composer Lisa Bielawa and artist Sheryl Oring. Living in a housing block in the north of the city a few hundred metres away, he was excited as the physical structure started to crumble. Bush the day after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Aikins, a political scientist and human rights activist, said: “The violence died down but once you have seen that kind of violence it never goes back to this notion of innocence, because now there is this looming threat. East Germans are still seeking answers for some of the bad things that happened to them. Their fellow revellers’ currency was no good because they were East Germans who had flocked en masse to the Kurfürstendamm, West Berlin’s Fifth Avenue, the moment they heard the news that they could cross the Berlin Wall. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. Slogans like ‘Wir sind ein Volk’ (We are one people) and ‘Wir sind das Volk’ (we are the people’) which had been used in the peaceful revolution and reunification movement were now appropriated by the far right. By year-end, ninepins had tumbled from the Baltic to the Black Sea. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. Thirty years after joining one of the world’s most advanced economies practically overnight, many eastern Germans continue to feel like second-class citizens as they grapple with rapid social and economic change. Are you sure you want to mark this comment as inappropriate? Please continue to respect all commenters and create constructive debates. Market data provided by Factset. That followed two arson attacks on Turkish homes – first in Molln in 1992 and a year later in Solingen – in which eight people lost their lives and many more were injured. U.S. artists Lisa Bielawa and Sheryl Oring have spent a lot of time interviewing Berliners about their experiences before, during and after the fall of the Berlin Wall. “, Weeks ago, the anti-immigrant Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, “The far right are on the ascendency and it is shifting the limits of what can be said in political and media discourse,” said, Malaysia’s Indigenous people question timber sustainability.

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