In an AC system I see very little value in the operation of overcurrent devices related to open wiring to provide bonding. As a general rule of thumb (and obviously power and voltage dependant) I always recommend to my mentees that – for up to 100A domestic or 100A three phase, they should aim for a maximum resistance of bonding of 0.05 Ohms +/- 0.05 Ohms…. Then insert the red lead into the VΩ jack. Where a supplementary protective bonding conductor has been installed between simultaneously accessible exposed and extraneous conductive parts the resistance of the conductor R must be equal to or less than 50/ Ia. Reference: Electric Wiring: Domestic – Brian Scaddan IEng, MIET. – Bonding to powder coated RSJs (again no continuity) etc etc etc. Mr. Csanyi In reading your article I am puzzled as to the value of this exercise. There is absolutely no point in installing these essential connectors and then testing between the ends of the wire and not the item that is actually bonded. First insert the black test lead into the COM jack. For main equipotential bonding, there is no single fixed value of resistance above which the conductor would be deemed unsuitable. I always advise not to accept a reading higher…and more importantly …to test the bonded item and NOT the bonding clip! This value is (R1+R2) for the circuit. The test is conducted in the following way (Figure 2) // Temporarily link together the line conductor and CPC of the circuit concerned in the distribution board or consumer unit. These results were generally comparable to prior tests. Ina fault AC current follows the source conductor and any route for bonding wires that is not in intimate influence of the supply conductor will not carry any significant current except in DC systems. The document is available below: The 2019 SIFMA Industry Test and Reg SCI testing were successfully completed on October 26, 2019. A circuit is complete when its switch is closed. I am doing a section on equipotential bonding, supplementary bonding, cross bonding and temporary continuity bonding. There may be some difficulty in determining the (R1+R2) values of circuits in installations that comprise steel conduit and trunking and/or steel wire armoured (, Get access to premium HV/MV/LV technical articles, electrical engineering guides, research studies and much more! If required, press the continuity button. Tell us what you're thinking... we care about your opinion! If the range is set 4.000 kΩ, a multimeter typically beeps if the component has a resistance of 200 Ω or less. Without isolation, persons and livestock are at risk of electric shock. Can you help me to understand these please? In the Canadian Electrical code bonding wires for fault mitigation must be inside of the metal armoured cable or raceway. SIFMA compiles and discloses aggregate test results (but not individual performance). These results underscore the ability of the securities industry to operate through adverse conditions. Test between line and CPC at each outlet in the circuit. This may cause unexpected high voltages to appear at the current and voltage probes and also at the terminals of the test … Besides, it is not clear how the the CSA of bonding conductors are selected. I surveyed a lot but I did’t find any document or standard that discusses the locations of metallic conductive parts of the generator such as frame, enclosure, cooler, lagging and etc. A reading indicates continuity. The test is conducted in the following way (Figure 2) //. The industry-wide business continuity test is a critical exercise that highlights our industry’s ability to operate through a significant emergency using backup sites, recovery facilities and backup communications capabilities across the industry. Continuity testing overview. – I have seen a bond on armoured cable being made to the rubber sheath of that cable (!). – I have seen bonds to oil-painted pipes without the pipe being cleaned to metal – no continuity of bond. Check for burnt, damage to body or cooling fan or shaft. This is because a Business Continuity Plan comes into use only when a situation calls for it. Reg SCI entities completed their testing requirements in parallel with the SIFMA industry test. A circuit is complete when its switch is closed. Such values are shown in Table 1 below. SIFMA is the voice of the U.S. securities industry. The whole point of protective bonding is to ensure that any potential difference between contuctive patrts is equalised – hence “equipotential”. When finished, remove the leads in reverse order: red first, then black. A reading indicates continuity. Continuity is the presence of a complete path for current flow. How to Measure Duty Cycle with a Digital Multimeter, The dials, buttons, symbols, and display of a digital multimeter. Regulation SCI requires that each SCI entity designate members and participants to take part in an annual business continuity and disaster recovery plan test, and SIFMA facilitates a coordinated testing program for the industry as part of our business continuity planning and disaster recovery work. With the circuit de-energized, connect the test leads across the component being tested. SIFMA compiles and discloses aggregate test results (but not individual performance). Industry-wide tests follow a consistent format whereby firms submit test orders and transactions from their backup sites to markets and utilities. I’ve read BS 7671 and it related the CSA of bonding conductor to neutral earthing conductor! Over the years, I have seen many absurd examples of bonding of pipes and structure that – quite simply – the test as you have described would not show…with potentially (no pun intended) catastrophic effect. Continuity is the presence of a complete path for current flow. In one case a 4/0 wire was rune external to a rigid steel raceway and the two return paths had a fault imposed. In case of a business continuity plan, there is a twist in the tale. The test is supported by all major exchanges, markets and industry utilities. the external bond wire (lower resistance than the steel raceway)only carried as much as %10 of the current where the steel raceway carried %90. It helps you. A digital multimeter’s Continuity Test mode can be used to test switches, fuses, electrical connections, conductors and other components. The continuity of circuit protective conductors (CPC’s) may be established in the same way, but a second method is preferable, as the results of this second test indicate the value of (R1+R2) forthe circuit in question. Quite simple really, just connect the leads from the continuity tester to the ends of the bonding conductor (Figure 1). Learn about power engineering and HV/MV/LV substations. Participants in the SIFMA test included approximately 110 securities firms and 80 market organizations. The exercise involves test transactions for commercial paper, equities, options, futures, fixed income, settlement, payments, Treasury auctions and market data. How electricians test continuity of protective conductors, Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of. Remember to zero the instrument first or, if this facility is not available, record the resistance of the test leads so that this value can be subtracted from the test reading. Each measured value, if indeed it is measurable for very short lengths, should be compared with the relevant value for a particular conductor length and size. Record the test result obtained at the furthest point in the circuit. Test transactions on these connections were successful 98% of the time. That resistance is determined by the range setting of the multimeter. Here are guidance and resources for the industry to maintain operational resiliency. The Archives hold relevant documents from prior year’s industry-wide tests. The content is copyrighted to EEP and may not be reproduced on other websites. The playbook outlines a common approach to the test across test entities, including a schedule for test day, test scope, shared principles for test outlines, and test symbols. On the same day, the Futures Industry Association (FIA) leads the futures test component and Financial Information Forum (FIF) coordinates market data vendors and service bureaus. So: How then do we conduct a test to establish continuity of main or supplementary bonding conductors? I am studying plumbing for the first time. SIFMA and the Reg SCI entities are working to develop a shared test playbook for the 2020 Reg SCI test as they have in prior years. The lowest range setting should be used when testing circuit components that should have low-resistance value such as electrical connections or switch contacts. A DMM emits an audible response (a beep) when it detects a complete path. Examples: If the range is set to 400.0 Ω, a multimeter typically beeps if the component has a resistance of 40 Ω or less. When they moved the wire to the inside of the raceway the added bond wire carried nearly %50 demonstrating the high impedance. During the test approximately 1,100 communications connections were establish between securities firms and banks and the exchanges, markets and utilities. The possibility exists that a fault in the power system will cause a high current to flow into the ground system while the test is in progress. When finished, turn the multimeter OFF to preserve battery life. A good fuse, for example, should have continuity. Record the test result obtained at the furthest point in the circuit.

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