The word Mani means "jewel" or "bead", Padme is the "lotus flower" (the Eastern sacred flower), and Hum represents the spirit of enlightenment. "Mantras associated with Avalokiteshvara (aka Quan Yin, Chenrezig) in Siddham, Tibetan (Uchen), Ranajana (Lantsa), Elvish, and Klingon", "Biggest Ever Buddhist Mantra on a Mountain in Tuva", "Analysis of the Six Syllable practice – the relationship between The Six Syllable and Amitabha", An article on Om Mani Padme Hum in different scripts, Buddha speaks Mahayana Sublime Treasure King Sutra, Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Om_mani_padme_hum&oldid=986028574, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Articles containing Mongolian-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Bengali-language text, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles containing Malayalam-language text, Articles containing Burmese-language text, Articles containing Marathi-language text, Articles containing Sinhala-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, the presence of the Lotus Throne (of Chenrezig), Khalkha: Ум мани бадмэ хум (Um mani badme khum), Buryat: Ом маани бадмэ хум (Om maani badme khum), Rebirth in into the myriad worlds contained in the pores of the bodhisattva's body, Teachings from the Mani retreat, Chenrezig Institute, December 2000 (2001) by. Religious practices often involved extremely ascetic practices claimed to be "yoga". The reason that he is called by that is that, just as a lotus is not soiled by mud, so the noble Avalokitesvara himself has, through his great wisdom, abandoned the root of samsara, all the stains of the conception of true existence together with its latencies. Initiation rituals, assert the authors of the book, often involved the use of hallucinogens, such as LSD. [25] Kaplan notes that in his lectures, Shoko Asahara referred to the United States as "The Beast" from the Book of Revelation, predicting it would eventually attack Japan. [citation needed], The group underwent a number of transformations in the aftermath of Asahara's arrest and trial. [5] At 12:10 am, on New Year's Day 2019, at least nine people were injured (one seriously) when a car was deliberately driven into crowds celebrating the new year on Takeshita Street in Tokyo. Advertising and recruitment activities, dubbed the "Aum Salvation plan", included claims of curing physical illnesses with health improvement techniques, realizing life goals by improving intelligence and positive thinking, and concentrating on what was important at the expense of leisure. Dissatisfaction with society and low degrees of success in life make them "identify with the cult" and "adore the cultists as if they were pop idols". Aum (Om) Symbol. Doctrine. [citation needed], In December 1994 and January 1995, Masami Tsuchiya of Aum Shinrikyo synthesized 100 to 200 grams of VX which was used to attack three persons. [75] On 20 September 2016, the Russian government banned Aum Shinrikyo in the country, declaring it a terrorist organization. Most authorities consider maṇipadme to be one compound word rather than two simple words. The network then had the interview secretly shown to the group without notifying Sakamoto, intentionally breaking protection of sources. [56], Acting on information from the capture of Kikuchi, including recent photographs showing a modified appearance, the last remaining fugitive, Katsuya Takahashi, was captured on 15 June 2012. According to Studholme, these features are similar to the way the mantra Om nama shivaya is depicted in Shaiva texts, since "both are concise vidyas, the hrdayas [heart] of their respective isvaras, sui generis means of attaining liberation, universally available, though of rare value and somewhat secret. The following month Sakamoto, his wife and his child went missing from their home in Yokohama. The ashes will be kept at the detention center for the time being for fears of reprisals from other elements of the cult. [13] Thus as Lopez notes, the original meaning of the mantra could in fact be an invocation of "she of the lotus jewel", who is the vidya (wisdom) and consort of Avalokiteshvara and is equivalent to Shakti's role vis a vis Shiva.[14]. 15.) The group apologized to the victims of the sarin gas attack and established a special compensation fund. [28], Lopez also notes that the majority of Tibetan Buddhist texts have regarded the translation of the mantra as secondary, focusing instead on the correspondence of the six syllables of the mantra to various other groupings of six in the Buddhist tradition. This Matsumoto incident killed eight and harmed 500 more. She urged her relatives and cult members to "put an end to the Aum and stop hating society". An article in the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper on 11 September 2002 showed that the Japanese public still mistrusts Aleph, and compounds are usually surrounded by protest banners from local residents. Given the predominance, in the Kāraṇḍavyūha and in the Mahayana in general, of the religious goal of the pure land of Amitabha, it may be safely assumed that maṇipadme would have been quite naturally associated with the mode of the rebirth of human beings there. Regarding the relationship between the jewel and the lotus, Sten Konow argued that it could either refer to "a lotus that is a jewel" or to "a jewel in the lotus". In 1992, Matsumoto, who had changed his name to Shoko Asahara, published a foundational book, declaring himself to be "Christ",[18] Japan's only fully enlightened master, as well as identifying himself as the "Lamb of God". The word Mani means "jewel" or "bead", Padme is the "lotus flower" (the Eastern sacred flower), and Hum represents the spirit of enlightenment. [citation needed], In February 1995, several cult members kidnapped Kiyoshi Kariya, a 69-year-old brother of a member who had escaped, from a Tokyo street and took him to a compound in Kamikuishiki near Mount Fuji, where he was killed. While executions are rare in Japan, they have public support according to surveys. say, the complete Avalokiteshvara Mantra includes a final hrīḥ (Sanskrit: ह्रीः, IPA: [ɦɽiːh]), which is iconographically depicted in the central space of the syllabic mandala as seen in the ceiling decoration of the Potala Palace. [42] Police investigations focused only on an innocent local resident, Yoshiyuki Kouno, and failed to implicate the cult at the time. By making the sound, you are invoking the sound of the universe as it came into being from the void. [58][4] Japan's Justice Minister Yōko Kamikawa stated that the crimes "plunged people, not only in Japan but in other countries as well, into deadly fear and shook society to its core." Aum is the the cosmic power behind all creation. [10], The Public Security Intelligence Agency considered Aleph and Hikari no Wa to be branches of a "dangerous religion"[11] and it announced in January 2015 that they would remain under surveillance for three more years. The group has never confessed; they claim that those who carried out attacks did so secretly, without being known to other executives and ordinary believers. [14] Thus the mantra could in fact mean "O, she with the jewel in her lotus". [24], The name "Aum Shinrikyo" (オウム真理教, Oumu Shinrikyō), usually rendered in English as "Aum Supreme Truth", derives from the Sanskrit syllable Aum, used to represent the universe, followed by the Japanese Shinrikyo (meaning, roughly, "Teaching of Truth") written in kanji. [35], Another variation, noted by Peter Alan Roberts, is Om manipadme hum mitra svaha. Ethyl methylphosphonate, methylphosphonic acid, and diisopropyl-2-(methylthio) ethylamine were later found in the body of the victim. 1.1.7.1 Origin of AUM as mentioned in Purāṇas 1.1.7.2 Derivation of the Syllable AUM 1.1.7.3 The Meaning of the Syllable AUM 1.1.8 The use of Aum in Mantras 1.2 AUM in Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism CHAPTER TWO – THE SCIENTIFIC VIEW OF AUM 2.1 Etymology of the Words: OM [, ZAUM [, Praņava [ and Omkar'. Doctors in the hospital suspected at the time he had been poisoned with an organophosphate pesticide. [25] Aum's mission was not only to spread the word of salvation, but also to survive these End Times. [25] Some Buddhist scholars argue that the mantra as practiced in Tibetan Buddhism was based on the Sadhanamala, a collection of sadhana or spiritual practices, published in the 12th century. [34] The full mantra in Tibetan is thus: ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པདྨེ་ཧཱུྃ་ཧྲཱིཿ The hrīḥ is not always vocalized audibly and may be resonated "internally" or "secretly" through intentionality. This was to be accomplished by practising ancient teachings, accurately translated from original Pali sutras (these three were referred to as "threefold salvation"). [43], The VX victim, whom Shoko Asahara had suspected was a spy, was attacked at 7:00 a.m. on 12 December 1994, on the street in Osaka by Tomomitsu Niimi and another Aum member, who sprinkled the nerve agent on his neck. In the sheer simplicity of the word OM lies an amazing, transformative power! It is difficult to obtain exact numbers since many victims are reluctant to come forward. [45] Prosecutors alleged Asahara was tipped off about this and that he ordered the Tokyo subway attack to divert police. Buswell, Robert E. Jr. & Lopez, Donald S. Jr.. Orzech, Charles; Sørensen, Henrik; Payne, Richard; This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 10:58. The following day Japanese police raided the offices of Aleph in order to "prevent any illegal activities by cult members in response to the confirmation of Asahara's death sentence". [11], Damien Keown also notes that another theory about the meaning of this mantra is that it actually invokes a female deity named Manipadmi. However, according to Donald Lopez (citing Tibetan grammatical sources) it is much more likely that maṇipadme is in fact a vocative, addressing a bodhisattva called maṇipadma, "Jewel-Lotus"- an alternative epithet of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. [36], In July 1993, cult members sprayed large amounts of liquid containing Bacillus anthracis spores from a cooling tower on the roof of Aum Shinrikyo's Tokyo headquarters. Haruki Murakami, Alfred Birnbaum, Philip Gabriel, Learn how and when to remove this template message, a car was deliberately driven into crowds, formally designated a terrorist organization, The Institute for Research in Human Happiness, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, "VI. [9], In April 2011, the Public Security Intelligence Agency stated that Aum had about 1,500 members. [23], The 11th century Bengali master Atiśa Dīpaṃkara Śrījñāna who was influential in bringing Buddhism to Tibet, also wrote a short treatise on the mantra, called the Arya-sad-aksari-sadhana.

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