The traditional date for Armenia's conversion to Christianity is established at 301, which precedes the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great's conversion and the Edict of Milan by a dozen years. His army won significant victories and retook the capital. Little is known about pre-Christian Armenian literature. The Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, Caucasian Iberia in the north, the Roman Empire in the west, and Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanian Empire, in the south. The Kingdom of Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia,[3] or simply Greater Armenia (Armenian: Մեծ Հայք Mets Hayk[4]; Latin: Armenia Maior), was a monarchy which existed from 321 BC to 428 AD. Later on, the Armenian Second legion became a part of the Byzantine army. [16] With the acceptance of Christianity in the earliest 4th century, its presence in the kingdom gradually started to decline. It might first have been the garrison of Armenian lands which had been under the control of the Roman Empire. Another campaign was led by Emperor Lucius Verus in 162–165, after Vologases IV of Parthia had invaded Armenia and installed his chief general on its throne. Strabo says, that Artashes I raided to the east and reunited Caspiane and Paytakaran, then raided to the north, where Smbat Bagratuni defeated Georgian army, reuniting Gugark (Strabo also notes, that Georgians recognized themselves as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia), to the west, reuniting Karin, Ekeghik and Derjan and to the south, where after many battles with Seleucid Empire he reunited Tmorik. In AD 51 Armenia fell to an Iberian invasion sponsored by Parthia, led by Rhadamistus. To counter the Parthian threat, Verus set out for the east. In 387, the Kingdom of Armenia was split between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Persian Empire. Kingdom of Armenia. Եվ ի բացոյն վազէր խարտեաշ պատանեկիկ. Some part of the Armenian cavalry force was always patrolling Armenian borders, under the command of an Armenian general (sparapet). The Sassanid Persians occupied Armenia in 252. In 83 BC, at the invitation of one of the factions in the interminable civil wars, he entered Syria, and soon established himself as ruler of Syria—putting the Seleucid Empire virtually at an end—and ruled peacefully for 17 years. Armenia came under the Ancient Roman sphere of influence in 66 BC, after the battle of Tigranocerta and the final defeat of Armenia's ally, Mithridates VI of Pontus. The 15 provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia with their capitals are as follows: From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, This article is about the Kingdom of Armenia during antiquity. The highlands were first united by tribes in the vicinity of Lake Van into the Kingdom of Van (Urartian: Biainili). Armenia reached its greatest size and influence under King Tigranes II. As a result, the marching Armenian army was "a huge, irregular force, too many to count, like locusts or the dust of the earth". At its height, from 95 to 66 BC, Armenia extended its rule through areas of the Caucasus and the area that is now eastern Turkey, Syria and Lebanon. "Legio Armeniaca" translates from Latin as "Armenian Legion" and "prima" as "first". Lesser Armenia's area was 100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi). Kingdom of Armenia. The Jewish historian Josephus talks of 500,000 men in total, including camp followers. And out of the flame a youth ran! To counter the Parthian threat, Verus set out for the east. This implies that today’s Armenians are the descendants of those speakers. The founder of the Arsacid branch in Armenia, Tiridates I was a Zoroastrian priest or magus. The Orontid dynasty ruled as satraps of the Achaemenid Empire for three centuries until the empire's defeat against Alexander the Great's Macedonian Empire at the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC. Western Armenia first became a province of the Roman Empire under the name of Armenia Minor, and later Byzantine Armenia; Eastern Armenia remained a kingdom within Persia until, in 428, the local nobility overthrew the king, and the Sassanids installed a governor in his place, beginning the Marzpanate period over Persian Armenia. Augustus installed Tigranes V as king of Armenia in AD 6, but ruled with Erato of Armenia. The Armenian Second Legion had a permanent camp in one of the Northern provinces of the Orient, and built a camp in Satala. Under the Seleucid Empire (312-63 BC), the Armenian throne was divided in two – Armenia Maior and Sophene – both of which passed to members of the Artaxiad dynasty in 189 BC. The Kingdom of Armenia had an army of 100,000 to 120,000. The founder of the Arsacid branch in Armenia, Tiridates I was a Zoroastrian priest or magus. Armenia came under the Ancient Roman sphere of influence in 66 BC, after the battle of Tigranocerta and the final defeat of Armenia's ally, Mithridates VI of Pontus. It went from the Mediterranean Sea northeast to the Kura River. The Romans admired and respected the bravery and the warrior spirit of the Armenian Cavalry – the core of Tigran's Army. The 15 provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia with their capitals are as follows: This article is about the Kingdom of Armenia during classical antiquity. Later, in medieval times "Azatavrear" cavalry or Armenian heavy cavalry was collected from nobles (youngest sons of Armenian lords) and was known as AYRUDZI (man and horse, horseman). Like the Seleucids, the bulk of Tigranes' army were foot soldiers. The root of the kingdom lies in one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia called Armenia (Satrapy of Armenia), which was formed from the territory of the Kingdom of Ararat (860 BC–590 BC) after it was conquered by the Median Empire in 590 BC. After the fall of the Arsacid dynasty in Persia, the succeeding Sasanian Empire aspired to reestablish Persian control. Mithridates was arrested by Caligula, but later restored by Claudius. Եվ աչկունքն էին արեգակունք. 65–66. When the kingdom was the most powerful it was also called the "Armenian Empire". CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ զխրատ, իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/35178/Armenia/44264/Cultural-life#toc129456, "Armenia and Azerbaijan: thinking a way out of Karabakh", https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)&oldid=2311128, Articles containing Armenian-language text, Articles with Armenian-language external links, States and territories established in the 4th century BC, Pages using infobox former country with unknown parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Former country articles requiring maintenance, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. In 20 BC, Augustus negotiated a truce with the Parthians, making Armenia a buffer zone between the two major powers. The traditional date for Armenia's conversion to Christianity is established at 301, preceding the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great's conversion and the Edict of Milan by a dozen years. The Roman historian Sallustius Crispus wrote that the Armenian [Ayrudzi – lit. In AD 51 Armenia fell to an Iberian invasion sponsored by Parthia, led by Rhadamistus. Երկնէր և ծովն ծիրանի, Many literature pieces known to us were saved and then presented to us by Moses of Chorene. The Kingdom of Armenia was a major power that helped to end the Hellenic period of the Classical Era and was a major opponent and ally of Rome during its rise and expansion into Asia. A Hellenistic Armenian state was thus founded in the same year by Artaxias I alongside the Armenian kingdom of Sophene led by Zariadres. In travail, too, the purple sea! In time, Rome would annex the country, ending its independence for centuries. It was thus not unlike the other enormous Eastern armies of the time. And his eyes, they were as suns. The kingdom competed with Assyria over supremacy in the highlands of Ararat and the Fertile Crescent. Plutarch wrote that the Armenian archers could kill from 200 meters with their deadly-accurate arrows. Another campaign was led by Emperor Lucius Verus in 162–165, after Vologases IV of Parthia had invaded Armenia and installed his chief general on its throne. Note that the numbers given by Israelite historians of the time were probably exaggerated, considering the fact that the Hasmonean Jews lost the war against Tigranes. Sohaemus, a Roman citizen of Armenian heritage, was installed as the new client king. After gaining Armenia in 60, then losing it in 62, the Romans sent the Legio XV Apollinaris from Pannonia to Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, legatus of Syria. Note that the numbers given by Israelite historians of the time were probably exaggerated, considering the fact that the Hasmonean Jews lost the war against Tigranes. For the remaining duration of the Armenian kingdom, Rome still considered it a client kingdom de jure, but the ruling dynasty was of Parthian extraction, and contemporary Roman writers thought that Nero had de facto yielded Armenia to the Parthians.[8].

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