For example, one school may provide only a few support options, such as an after-school program and tutoring services, while another school might have been entirely restructured to provide ongoing academic support, both inside and outside the classroom, to all students throughout the school year and over the course of the summer. Do Not Sell My Personal Info. Table 5.2 The term academic support may refer to a wide variety of instructional methods, educational services, or school resources provided to students in the effort to help them accelerate their learning progress, catch up with their peers, meet learning standards, or generally succeed in school.When the term is used in educational contexts without qualification, specific examples, or … occasions when there is pressure to do these things relatively quickly. summarizes the most commonly used scheme for this purpose, one created by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAMR, 2002). For teachers, providing academic support to students is part of their daily professional responsibilities, and the school may create the necessary conditions that allow teachers to provide that support by modifying schedules, adjusting workloads, or offering specialized training. The Glossary of Education Reform welcomes your comments and suggestions. What kinds of grade descriptions should be used? Level of support indicates a specific extent of technical assistance in the total range of assistance that is provided by an information technology product (such as a software product) to its customers. Start my free, unlimited access. No problem! Please check the box if you want to proceed. We'll send you an email containing your password. Relevance: a framework for understanding moral development, The reader's role: interested observer of children, Example #2: Learning disability as a misleading label, The readers' role: concerned advocate for social justice, Example #3: The impact of bilingualism on reading, Relevance: recommendations for teaching English as an additional language, The reader's role: both teacher and researcher, Action research: hearing from teachers about improving practice, Example #1: Focusing on motivating students. In the U.K., the University of Exeter information systems team describes its levels of support for user problems. State and federal policies may require schools to provide academic support to certain student populations, such as identified special-education students, or schools may voluntarily create support programs to address specific performance results or trends, such as large numbers of dropouts, course failures, behavioral problems, etc. standardized test of scholastic aptitude (or “IQ test”), with lower scores indicating more severe disability. The general idea is that by analyzing school data, reading academic studies, or conducting action research schools can more precisely determine their programmatic and instructional weaknesses, and then develop more focused and effective ways to improve those weaknesses. Facilitating complex thinking: identifying attitude-treatment interactions. Students requiring somewhat more support are likely to spend somewhat less time in your classroom and more time receiving For children ages three through nine, based on the discretion of state and local education agencies, the definition of a disability can include any child who is experiencing delays in physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social or emotional development, or adaptive development. may require special help with some learning activities or classroom routines, but not others; he or she might need help with reading or putting on winter clothes, for example, but primarily on Levels of support range from intermittent (just occasional or “as needed” for specific activities) to pervasive (continuous in all realms of living). Classroom management and the learning environment: Culturally responsive classroom management. The collection and analysis of academic-performance data is another relevant feature of academic support that intersects with school reform. New page type Book TopicInteractive Learning Content, Textbooks for Primary Schools (English Language), Textbooks for Secondary Schools (English Language), Creative Commons-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Standardized and other formal Assessments, New trend #2: using technology to support learning, New trend #3: accountability in education, New trend #4: increased professionalism of teachers, Viewing learning as dependent on curriculum, Viewing learning as dependent on sequencing and readiness, Viewing transfer as a crucial outcome of learning, Respondent conditioning: learning new associations with prior behaviors, Three key ideas about respondent conditioning, Operant conditioning: new behaviors because of new consequences, Constructivism: changes in how students think, Psychological constructivism: the independent investigator, Social Constructivism: assisted performance, Implications of constructivism for teaching, Physical development during the school years, Cognitive development: the theory of Jean Piaget, The concrete operational stage: age 7 to 11, The formal operational stage: age 11 and beyond, Social development: relationships, personal motives, and morality, Erik Erikson: eight psychosocial crises of development, Crises of infants and preschoolers: trust, autonomy, and initiative, The crisis of childhood: industry and inferiority, The crisis of adolescence: identity and role confusion, The crises of adulthood: intimacy, generativity, and integrity, Abraham Maslow: a hierarchy of motives and needs, Deficit needs: getting the basic necessities of life, Being needs: becoming the best that you can be, Moral development: forming a sense of rights and responsibilities, Preconventional justice: obedience and mutual advantage, Conventional justice: conformity to peers and society, Postconventional justice: social contract and universal principles, Understanding fifth typical student” versus understanding students, Individual styles of learning and thinking, Supporting students who are gifted and talented, Academic and cognitive differences in gender, Differences in cultural expectations and styles5, Bilingualism: language differences in the classroom, Cultural differences in attitudes and beliefs, Growing support for people with disabilities: legislation and its effects.

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