", "North Atlantic Military Committee SGM-217-55 memorandum", "North Atlantic Military Committee SGM-156-56 memorandum", "Declassified: The NATO phonetic alphabet – Alfa, Bravo, Charlie...", "Draft of Convention and Regulations, Washington, D.C., December, 1920", "General Regulations and Additional Regulations (Radiotelegraph)", "General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations", "General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations", "Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords And Abbreviations", "International Radio Conference (Atlantic City, 1947)", "FM 24-12,:Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)", "Item 48 in the Friedman Collection: Letter from Everett Conder to William F. Friedman, February 11, 1952", "Documents of the World Administrative Radio Conference to deal with matters relating to the maritime mobile service (WARC Mar)", "Report on the Activities of The International Telecommunication Union in 1967", "IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP)", "Uncle Sam's Able Fox ‹ HistoricWings.com :: A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers", "Aircraft Call Sign Confusion Evaluation Safety Study", "NATO Declassified - The NATO Phonetic Alphabet", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NATO_phonetic_alphabet&oldid=986189545, Telecommunications-related introductions in 1956, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from February 2018, All articles needing additional references, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2020, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Articles with failed verification from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Point (proposal A: DAY-SEE-MAL; proposal B: DECIMAL). Ads are shown to you based on a number of factors like relevancy and the amount sellers pay per click. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. In the United States, the research was conducted by the USAF-directed Operational Applications Laboratory (AFCRC, ARDC), to monitor a project with the Research Foundation of The Ohio State University. [10][9][11][12][13][14], The pronunciation of the digits 3, 4, 5, and 9 differs from standard English – being pronounced tree, fower, fife, and niner. Certain combinations of letters and numbers can be hard to understand over the radio, particularly when spoken by non … The ICAO specifically mentions that all syllables in these words are to be equally stressed (§5.2.1.4.3 note). Pronunciation was not defined prior to 1959. International Civil Aviation Organization. [16], Problems were soon found with this list. The digit 3 is specified as tree so that it is not pronounced sri; the long pronunciation of 4 (still found in some English dialects) keeps it somewhat distinct from for; 5 is pronounced with a second "f" because the normal pronunciation with a "v" is easily confused with "fire" (a command to shoot); and 9 has an extra syllable to keep it distinct from German nein 'no'.[15]. Strict adherence to the prescribed spelling words—including the apparently misspelled "Alfa" and "Juliett"—is required in order to avoid the problems of confusion that the spelling alphabet is designed to overcome. Throughout World War II, many nations used their own versions of a spelling alphabet. Have good radio transmission and readability characteristics. Later in 1952, ICAO decided to revisit the alphabet and their research. Also, although all codes for the letters of the alphabet are English words, they are not in general given English pronunciations. It is often used in a medical context as well, to avoid confusion when transmitting information. Only the second (English) component of each code word is used by the Aeronautical Mobile Service. It has been used often by information technology workers to communicate serial or reference codes (which are often very long) or other specialised information by voice. [8][9] However, there are still differences in pronunciation between the ICAO and other agencies, and the ICAO has conflicting Latin-alphabet and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcriptions. Cookies and similar technologies are used to improve your experience, to do things like: Without these technologies, things like personalized recommendations, your account preferences, or localisation may not work correctly. NATO uses the regular English numeric words (Zero, One, with some alternative pronunciations), whereas the ITU (beginning on 1 April 1969)[6] and the IMO define compound numeric words (Nadazero, Unaone, Bissotwo…). Cet alphabet aéronautique est international. The pronunciation of the code words varies according to the language habits of the speaker. The ICAO, NATO, and FAA use modifications of English numerals, with stress on one syllable, while the ITU and IMO compound pseudo-Latinate numerals with a slightly different set of modified English numerals, and with stress on each syllable. Prior to World War I and the development and widespread adoption of two-way radio that supported voice, telephone spelling alphabets were developed to improve communication on low-quality and long-distance telephone circuits. After all of the above study, only the five words representing the letters C, M, N, U, and X were replaced. International Maritime Organisation (2005). Tips for Learning the Phonetic Alphabet. Saying no will not stop you from seeing Etsy ads, but it may make them less relevant or more repetitive. Find out more in our Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. It was defined in one or more of CCBP-1: Combined Amphibious Communications Instructions, CCBP3: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure, and CCBP-7: Combined Communication Instructions. Alfa is spelled with an f as it is in most European languages because the English and French spelling alpha would not be pronounced properly by native speakers of some other languages – who may not know that ph should be pronounced as f.  Juliett is spelled with a tt for French speakers, because they may otherwise treat a single final t as silent. For instance the message "proceed to map grid DH98" could be transmitted as "proceed to map grid Delta-Hotel-Niner-Ait". Have a similar spelling in at least English, French, and Spanish, and the initial letter must be the letter the word identifies. Written 'nine' in the examples, but pronunciation given as 'niner', CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, International Civil Aviation Organization, Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, International Telecommunication Union, Radio, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Allied military phonetic spelling alphabets, "SGM-675-55: Phonetic Alphabet for NATO Use", "Joint Publication 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms", "Where does the term "Bravo Zulu" originate? The ICAO gives a different pronunciation for IPA transcription and for respelling, and the FAA also gives different pronunciations depending on the publication consulted, the FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (§ 4-2-7), the FAA Flight Services manual (§ 14.1.5), or the ATC manual (§ 2-4-16). He included lists from the US, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, British Army, AT&T, Western Union, RCA Communications, and that of the International Telecommunications Convention.

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